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Login / Registrati! E' gratis!Domus Augustana (vigna Barberini)
Tuttora in corso di scavo, il sito di Vigna Barberini, posto nell’angolo nord-orientale del colle a ridosso della chiesa di S. Sebastiano, ha rivelato l’esistenza di importanti strutture murarie, sconosciute fino a pochi anni or sono e afferenti in parte al complesso palaziale della Domus Augustana, il cui assetto di insieme va in tal modo delineandosi sempre più. La presenza di un terrazzamento artificiale di notevoli dimensioni, le cui sostruzioni in opera laterizia sono visibili dalla via di S. Gregorio e dall’area a sud del tempio di Venere e Roma, era già stata messa in relazione con gli Adonea, i giardini adiacenti alla reggia noti dalla pianta marmorea di Roma antica (di epoca severiana) e accessibili dal lato orientale tramite il Pentapylum, una porta a cinque ingressi nota da itinerari tardo-antichi; al centro dell’area in questione sarebbe sorto un grande edificio templare, ipoteticamente accostato al culto del dio Sole Elagabalo introdotto a Roma dall’imperatore omonimo (III secolo d.C.), nel quale fu martirizzato S. Sebastiano. Gli attuali sondaggi nella zona stanno portando in luce una situazione antica che impone il riesame complessivo delle conoscenze topografiche sull’area e che, come detto, non può prescindere dalla considerazione del rapporto coi resti già noti del palazzo imperiale. A un più antico insieme di strutture di fondazione e terrazzamento, genericamente databile tra la fine del II secolo a.C. e gli inizi del I secolo d.C. e pertinenti a un edificio notevolmente esteso, si sovrappose un vasto complesso di cui fa innanzitutto parte una grande esedra, posta in luce per la metà circa della sua ampiezza, la quale è rivolta verso nord e collegata alla fondazione di un portico. Tale apprestamento richiama da vicino l’assetto della fronte del palazzo imperiale verso il Circo Massimo, in cui spicca la presenza della grande esedra. L’insieme delle evidenze della Vigna Barberini, cui sono relativi anche vari ambienti parzialmente indagati a ovest e a sud dell’esedra, mostra però un orientamento diverso da quello delle fabbriche della Domus Augustana, essendo sensibilmente ruotato rispetto a quelle in direzione nord-ovest. Ciò tuttavia non sembra necessariamente costituire un ostacolo all’ipotetica attribuzione del complesso stesso alla reggia. I continui e dannosi dissesti del terreno in questo versante del colle portarono, negli anni tra il 160 e il 180 d.C., prima all’abbattimento del portico e alla ristrutturazione degli ambienti sul retro dell’esedra, e successivamente alla completa demolizione, forse anche a seguito di un incendio, dell’intero insieme architettonico.A. D.
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